The Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse
The correlation between eating disorders and substance use is a complex issue that is not fully understood. Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur but are seldom treated in an integrated manner. Eating disorders and substance abuse disorders share a number of common risk factors and behavioral similarities. The comorbidity of these disorders requires the integration of a comprehensive treatment plan in order to achieve a successful recovery.
by: Amanda Nussbaum
Eating disorders are serious medical conditions in which individuals engage in unhealthy and dangerous eating and behavioral habits as a way to cope with their perceived body image. Many people with eating disorders often suffer from additional mental health conditions. Eating disorders, along with any other co-existing disorder, can worsen a person’s mental and physical health and lead to other short or long-term health complications. One such co-existing disorder is a substance use disorder. Substance use disorders involve the overuse of drugs or alcohol. People with eating and substance use disorders often have low self-esteem, do not cope well with stressful situations, and feel pressure from the expectations of friends and family members.
Many people with eating disorders also struggle with substance abuse. According to The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, up to 50% of people with an eating disorder consume some sort of alcohol or drug. Just as eating disorders can lead to substance abuse, substance abuse can also contribute to the development of an eating disorder. About 35% of people who abuse drugs experience an eating disorder. Some people may abuse substances to help with weight loss, suppress their appetite, or compensate for food consumption. Others may turn to drugs or alcohol to help with their mood and negative emotions. Substance abuse can occur at any stage of an eating disorder — before, after, or during recovery.
People with eating and substance use disorders often take a variety of legal and illegal substances. Some of these drugs include diuretics, laxatives, diet pills, opioids, caffeine pills, cocaine, sedatives, marijuana, alcohol, nicotine, stimulants, or thyroid hormones. Abusing substances can occur with any eating disorder, but substance abuse is most often seen in individuals struggling with Bulimia Nervosa. People with bulimia tend to induce vomiting after eating, but they also frequently abuse laxatives and other diuretics as a way to “eliminate” the calories they have consumed. In addition, individuals with bulimia tend to consume more alcohol than people struggling with other eating disorders. By contrast, those struggling with Anorexia Nervosa are the least likely to abuse substances or consume alcohol in connection with their eating disorder. However, some people with anorexia do abuse substances to help with weight loss.
It is important for anyone with an eating disorder, substance abuse disorder, or a combination of both to seek treatment. Because these disorders often coexist, patients being treated for one should be evaluated for the other. It is not uncommon for someone to receive treatment for one disorder and make substantial progress, but then develop behaviors which are characteristics of the other disorder as a way to cope with their original condition. If eating and substance use disorders are not treated simultaneously, one may progress at the cost of the other getting worse. People with this dual diagnosis should be in concurrent therapy or an integrated treatment program. This type of treatment allows medical professionals to help patients address the co-occurring disorders and learn healthy coping mechanisms for both. Proper treatment includes addressing someone’s nutritional, medical, and psychological needs.
At BALANCE eating disorder treatment center we treat the spectrum of eating disorders, including Anorexia, Bulimia, binge eating disorder, compulsive overeating, and other distorted eating behaviors and body image issues. Currently, we are offering a range of virtual programs and services. BALANCE offers clients four distinct levels of care to meet their specific treatment needs including a day program, weeknight program, outpatient groups, and individual nutrition services. We are also proud to offer an array of free and low-cost virtual webinars and resources to help those struggling with eating disorders, distorted eating, and body image concerns. Click the button below to learn more about our virtual programs and services.
This post was written by BALANCE Blog Intern, Amanda Nussbaum.
Amanda is a recent graduate of Ramapo College, where she majored in Business Administration with a concentration in Marketing. She enjoys being creative, writing, and editing videos, and is passionate about health, wellness, and lifestyle. Throughout college, Amanda volunteered with the Girls on the Run organization, which helps young girls develop a positive self-esteem. She also mentored a young girl through Ramapo College’s chapter of Big Brother, Big Sister. Amanda’s involvement in these organizations helped her realize that she wants to work for a company that has an impact on others, while still being creative with marketing. In the future, Amanda hopes to work in the marketing or communications department of an organization that focuses on teenagers and young adults, and their health and self-confidence. She enjoys contributing to the BALANCE blog!